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Get Younger and Smoother Skin with These Skin Rejuvenation Treatments

As you get older, your skin begins to tell you a story of how your summer days were spent in the sun, puberty, and every time you smile. The changes to your skin are not always positive. Even major weight gain or decrease can warrant its own chapter. Without a doubt, your skin can serve as physical proof of a well-lived existence.

Wrinkles, acne scars, freckles, sunspots, and cellulite can be treated with skin rejuvenation. Did you know that having smooth, clear, and even skin could improve your overall appearance? Continue reading to learn more about skin rejuvenation treatments and which one is suitable for you. 

SKIN REJUVENATION TREATMENT

A skin rejuvenation treatment is also known as skin resurfacing. It restores a more youthful, beautiful appearance by removing the most damaged outer layers of the skin to reveal the better skin beneath and fostering the development of new, healthy skin cells.

TYPES OF SKIN REJUVENATION TREATMENTS

For your information, there are extremely advanced and high skin rejuvenation treatments being tested in the West and Singapore.

The great aspect about these techniques is that most of them do not require surgery. Dermatologists use a variety of skin rejuvenation treatments to address a wide range of skin issues.

Below is a more detailed list that you can refer to in order to understand more about your skin rejuvenation therapy options:

1) Chemical Peels

A chemical peel is a skin resurfacing treatment that involves applying a solution that causes the skin’s outer layers to peel away. The skin will be smoother after the treatment is complete.

Chemical peels are known to tighten, tone, and brighten the skin. They also decrease or reduce discolouration, age spots, or blotchiness by exfoliating the top layer of skin as well as the dark spots with glycolic acid and salicylic acid, which speeds up the skin lightening process.

chemical peels

There are two types of Chemical peels which are:

a) Light chemical peels that use a moderate solution such as alpha hydroxy acid, glycolic acid, or fruit enzymes. This treatment only penetrates the skin’s outer layers.

b) Deep chemical peels that penetrate the deepest layers of the skin. Some treatments are complex and may need surgery.

Please note that it is normal for you to experience redness in the treated area for several days after treatment.

2) Laser Skin Resurfacing

Laser resurfacing, also known as laser peel and laser vaporization, helps in the healing of scars, blemishes, and face wrinkles. Laser resurfacing eradicates tiny layers of skin by combining light and heat radiation. The laser will remove the top layer of skin while heating the underlying layers. This boosts the growth of new collagen fibres, resulting in smoother new skin growth.

During skin rejuvenation treatments, two kinds of lasers are used:

a) Ablative lasers which use intense light to remove the outer layers of sun-damaged or aged skin.

b) Non-ablative lasers which utilise just enough light to improve the appearance of scars, sun-damaged skin, wrinkles, and dark circles without damaging the skin’s surface.

Note that the recovery time might differ from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the type of laser performed.

3) Microdermabrasion 

Microdermabrasion

A microdermabrasion treatment involves exfoliating an area with an abrasive particle vapour. After that, the exfoliated skin is vacuumed away. This treatment is suitable for all skin types and has a low risk of negative effects.

Microdermabrasion can help to reduce wrinkles and fine lines. It also lightens and improves skin tone while reducing age spots and moderate acne scars. To achieve the optimum results, this treatment can be done in a single sitting or over a series of sessions.

4) Botox

Botox also known as Botulinum Toxin Type A is a treatment that weakens specific muscles by blocking nerves. It can help to smooth out facial wrinkles in skincare.

Some of the side effects of Botox treatments involve:

  • Swelling in the injection area
  • Pain
  • Bruises

The effects can last from three to twelve months, depending on which/what area is being treated.

5) Microneedling

Microneedling is a treatment that is proven to accelerate the production of elastin and collagen. Some chemicals are administered to the skin during this treatment. Hyaluronic acid and ascorbic acid are two examples.

 It is used prior to or after treatment to ensure deep penetration into the skin. The dermatologist will then use an equipment containing small, sharp, thin needles to puncture the skin. This procedure is known to be painless.

Microneedling treatment can help in the recovery of our skin from:

✔     Large pore size

✔     Sun damage

✔     Hyperpigmentation

✔     Acne

✔     Scars

✔     Skin texture problems

6) Dermal Filler

Dermal Filler

Dermal fillers are gel-like substances injected beneath the skin to help restore facial volume and fullness. They can also help in the removal of facial wrinkles for senior citizens while helping the younger ladies restore cheekbones and sharpen a flat nose without surgery. Dermal fillers are often used to elevate brows, and fill in the temples.

7) IPL (Intense Pulse Light)

IPL (Intense Pulse Light)

IPL is a treatment similar to laser resurfacing in that it employs light to cure skin problems, particularly to help rejuvenate the complexion and remove pigmentation issues. IPL involves a broad range of light wavelengths that briefly pulse the skin. The light then absorbs excess pigment in the skin, resulting in a more even complexion. It also stimulates collagen growth, which helps to enhance overall skin tone. This treatment involves no skin removal.

IPL treatments can be used to treat the following skin conditions:

  • Sun damage
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Freckles
  • Redness
  • Age Spots
  • Texture problems
  • Fine lines

POPULAR REJUVENATION TREATMENT AVAILABLE IN SINGAPORE

Have you noticed certain Celebrities that do not seem to age and have always been looking youthful from the beginning of their careers to the present? Do you realize that the trick to keeping those celebs looking young is rejuvenation treatments?

If you are keen to try, fret not! Today, we may enjoy the same treatment in Singapore. One of the most popular rejuvenation treatments that are available in Singapore to date is Laser Skin Resurfacing.

Laser Skin Resurfacing

Laser Skin Resurfacing

Most of the superstars in the world have all had laser resurfacing treatments. Have you noticed how they all have imperceptible wrinkles and tightened skin?

You can have the same type of skin in Singapore! It is available in most of the dermatologists’ clinics. It typically costs $150 a session and the treatment can be done within a short period – as short as 15 minutes, depending on the area of treatment.   

In short, skin rejuvenation treatments can rejuvenate and heal your skin. The results of a skin rejuvenation treatment will differ based on the treatments and the individuals.

Remember to discuss your goals, past and present medical history, and any concerns with a competent dermatologist. Your dermatologist can assist you in determining the best therapy and plan for you.

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The Approved and Comprehensive Guide Towards A Radiant Skin

Once I got to know more about skin care and the ‘beauty’ behind it, I realized that every skin is different, and every skin colour is beautiful. It’s not about being white or having flawless skin, but it’s about having healthy and radiant skin. And no, it’s not from the pan of a highlighter palette.

So, what is radiant skin? 

pretty girl with radiant skin

Radiant skin is typically seen as a sign of health and vitality. Dull, uneven skin tone or dry skin can make us feel less than our best. No matter how much we can cover it up with make-up, at the end of the day, a healthy and radiant skin – a complexion that permanently looks as though we’re fresh off vacation – is what we have always wanted. 

Though the secret to glowing skin varies and is challenging, we must understand that it requires trial and error from the correct product, practice, and of course, patience. 

Plus, with the constant exposure to the external aggressors such as direct and constant UV rays, which leads to skincare concerns. If you are still figuring out how to get a radiant skin, worry not, as we are here to help you with these quick-fix solutions. 

10+ Tips Towards Radiant Skin 

FOOD – “You are what you eat” 

food for radiant skin

1. Fruits and Vegetables

I bet you’re familiar with that phrase. And yes, the food that you consume is not just related to your overall health, but it is one of the factors that can help you to get a healthy and radiant skin. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables will boost the vitamins and antioxidants in your body. 

2. Oily Fish 

According to BBC Good Food, oily fish such as salmon, mackerel and sardine are rich in beneficial fats that promote skin hydration and younger looking skin. 

3. Nuts 

Nuts like walnuts, hazelnuts, and almonds are packed with minerals and vitamin E, which help to heal blemishes and reduce inflammation as well as protect our skin cells from harmful UV. Consuming these healthy nuts will result in soft and supple skin. 

4. AVOID Processed Foods & Sugar 

Please stay away from processed foods as most of them contain bad trans fat. And yes, although we love sugar more than we love ourselves, it can damage skin cells and affects the collagen production. Alternatively, you can use natural sweeteners from the fruits or avoid sugar at all costs. Your skin will thank you for it. 

5. Stay Hydrated 

The most important of all is to stay hydrated with the right amount of water. Avoid sugary drinks at all costs, instead drink more plain or warm water. If it’s too ‘plain’ for you, you can put some slices of lemon for an added boost. 

Not to mention, maintaining a nutritious diet will not only encourage a healthy flow of blood, but it also can give you the naturally beautiful glow that you’re craving for! So, what’s good for the body is truly good for the health of your skin.

LIFESTYLE 

6. Shorten Your Hot Shower

If you like to have a hot shower, try to minimize your skin’s exposure to the water that is extremely hot. This is because steam and heat will open the pores and running hot water over your skin for more than a few minutes can strip away the natural oils from your skin. This will leave it looking tired and dull.  

7. Avoid Alcohol and Smoking (or Secondhand Smoke) 

Alcohol is one of the main age accelerators that causes the secretion of stress hormones which can affect your skin as well. If cutting it seems a step too far, you can try to cut it back. 

As for smoking, it makes your skin look older, with more wrinkles. It also damages collagen and elasticity, decreases blood flow, and results in paler, aging skin. 

8. Manage Your Stress 

Though it is inevitable, uncontrolled stress can make your skin become more sensitive. This will then trigger acne breakouts and other skin problems. Try to manage your stress and have a healthy state of mind. 

Get enough sleep, distract yourself with positive things, but make sure to talk it out – reach out to someone and share your problems to ease your mind. 

9. Face Massage 

face massage

If you are new to this, start now! A two-minute face massage can help your skin look alive in the short term, as well as firming and contouring the face naturally over time. 

Do it every morning while you are doing your skincare routine, before applying makeup. It’s okay if you don’t have any tools to massage your face. You just need to use your fingertips and a massage serum or face oil. 

10. DIY Masks – hydrates, soothes, and glow! 

You will never go wrong with a hydrating DIY mask at home! 

You can try aloe vera gel, these tomatoes’ ‘recipes’, yogurt, honey, or as simple as pouring your hydrating toner onto a few cotton pads and putting it on your face for a few minutes and see how your skin glows! 

11. Sunscreen All the Way 

applying sunscreen on face

When you talk about healthy and radiant skin, you can NEVER skip sunscreen, especially in the sunny Singapore. A lifetime of sun exposure can cause various skin problems such as pigmentation, uneven skin tone, dark spots, and others. It can also increase the risk of skin cancer. 

It is recommended for you (especially since we live in a tropical climate) to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 50. Do apply it generously and reapply every two to three hours.

12. Always be Gentle to the Skin 

be gentle to the skin

Please avoid cleansers or products with harsh chemicals and even though you like to cleanse your face, you don’t want to rob your skin of moisture by washing it too often. Too much washing can also lead to dry skin or worse, encourage your pores to produce too much extra oil. Thus, it is advisable to wash your face first thing in the morning and right before bed. 

After washing, gently pat dry your face with a clean towel so that some of the moisture remains on your skin and use a hydrating toner, your favourite serum and conceal the goodness with a good moisturizer. Don’t forget your sunscreen during the day.

Teenage,Girl,With,Acne,Problem,On,Beige,Background,,Closeup

All About Blemishes: Types, Causes, and Treatment

A blemish is a form of skin imperfection that appears as a mark, spot, discolouration, patch, or other types of superficial flaw on the skin that are usually caused by irritation.

Skin blemishes are a typical skin problem for many women. Some marks are barely noticeable or cause concern, while some detract from your appearance and make you feel self-conscious. Although most blemishes are harmless and pose no health risk, some can indicate skin cancer.

Blemishes are the main reason our skin lacks the clear, flawless, and airbrushed appearance we all secretly desire.

blemishes due to wearing mask

Type and Causes of Blemishes

1. Acne

Our skin contains many pores, each of which is linked to an oil-producing gland. Excess sebum is produced when the oil glands become hyperactive.

When excess sebum, germs, dead skin, and dirt clog your skin’s pores, it can cause pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. Acne can sometimes cause dark spots, pockmarks, or scarring on the skin, resulting in the appearance of blemishes.

Acne is mainly caused by hormonal changes, especially during puberty, improper diets, as well as stress. All of these can trigger an increase in oil production and worsen the acne.

2. Papules

Papules are tiny skin blemishes that can occur alone or in groups which can be any shape. They are approximately 1 cm in diameter and range in color from pink to brown. Papules also include following:

  • Pimple
  • Chickenpox rashes
  • Eczema (a condition that impairs your skin to become red and itchy)
  • Dermatitis (common skin irritation that involves Itchy skin, dry skin, rashes, blistering, or flaking skin)
  • Shingles (painful rashes that caused by viruses)
  • Psoriasis (a skin condition characterized by itchy and scaly patches)

Bacteria and infections that trigger skin irritation are the most common causes of Papules. 

3. Birthmarks

Birthmarks are patches on skins that vary in appearance, size, shape, and color. They normally appear at or shortly after birth and can remain a lifetime or disappear over time. Birthmarks are classified into two types:

  • Pigmented birthmarks are generated by an excess of melanin-producing cells in one specific area of the skin. These birthmarks are usually black or brown in colour. 
  • Vascular birthmarks appear when there is an abnormal growth or abnormality of blood vessels beneath the skin. These birthmarks could be purple, pink, or red in colour.
birthmark on the neck

4. Ingrown hair

Ingrown hair is hair that curls back and grows inside the skin. It is frequently caused by irritating hair removal processes such as tweezing, waxing, or shaving. People with curly hair are more likely to get ingrown hair than individuals with straight hair.

Ingrown hairs can form red bumps on the skin where the hair should have grown. These lumps can potentially develop into huge, painful, fluid-filled cysts of red, yellow, or white color.

5. Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is the overproduction of melanin, which can cause uneven skin tone or dark spots. Hyperpigmentation examples include:

  • Age Spots – small, dark spots can occur on any portion of the body that has been exposed to sunlight and are most common in adults over the age of 50.
  • Melasma – dark spots that might appear as a result of sun exposure and hormonal changes prevalent in pregnant women.

Sun exposure, acne scars, and hormonal changes such as during pregnancy and aging are common causes of hyperpigmentation.

6. Skin Cancer

Consult any dermatologist if you notice any unusual, black moles, unusual yellow zits, or bizarre red bumps. It could be completely harmless.

But it’s best to avoid that risk and let the doctor determine whether a blemish is skin cancer. This is due to the fact that most skin cancers differ in shape and colour. Some examples of skin cancers are:

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma – Skin cancer that most commonly occurs on sun-exposed parts of skin, such as the face.
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Common skin cancer caused by overexposure to UV radiation.
  • Malignant Melanoma – Skin cancer arising from pigment-producing cells.

Tips to Prevent and Reduce Blemishes

There are numerous methods to prevent and reduce blemishes from our skin. For a start, you can try these four tips:  

#Tips 1

Avoid consuming too many dairy products because they not only raise inflammation in your body but also produce a lot of hormonal imbalance.

#Tips 2

Walk at least 10,000 steps at home or anywhere, or engage in 30 minutes of exercise every day. This prevents hormonal imbalance, removes toxins from your system, and keeps you physically well.

#Tips 3

Yoga and meditation can help you cope with anxiety and stress.

#Tips 4

To prevent clogged pores, follow a strict skincare routine that begins with cleaning your face, preferably using salicylic acid facial products. Then, apply an antibacterial cream to heal your skin, and finally, remember to apply sunscreen to protect yourself from UV radiation.

Treatments to Reduce Blemishes

skincare home remedies

Blemishes on the skin are entirely natural. However, if you want to reduce the blemishes on your skin, there are two methods that you can try:

i. Home Remedies

Please note that these suggestions are not applicable to birthmarks and skin cancer as these are in the list of skin blemishes.

a) Honey: Apply 2 tablespoons of honey to your face and wash it after 10 minutes. Scars can be removed using honey.

b) Cucumber: Apply a cotton ball soaked in fresh cucumber juice to your skin. After 20 minutes, rinse the affected area with cold water. Cucumber is high in antioxidants and vitamin C, which aid to promote skin health. 

c) Tomatoes: Massage tomato pulp into your face for 15 minutes and leave it on. Rinse well with cool water. Tomatoes have astringent qualities that help in the shrinking of big pores and the treatment of acne.

d) Steaming: Fill a bowl halfway with hot water and steam your face for 5 to 10 minutes. The warmth of the steam draws dirt, toxins, bacteria, dead skin cells, and sebum within the pores to the skin’s surface, preventing blemishes from developing. 

e) Exfoliation: Exfoliate your face with chemical-free products. Twice a week. Dead epithelial cells tend to accumulate in your pores and block them, resulting in blackheads, whiteheads, and more severe acne. Exfoliation keeps your skin pores clean while increasing blood flow in your face.

f)  Aloe Vera Gel: Use aloe vera-based lotions or massage fresh aloe vera gel over your face. Aloe Vera moisturises the skin and protects it from UV damage caused by the sun. 

ii. Professional Medical Treatment

In Singapore, there are multiple treatments available to eradicate skin blemishes. To eradicate blemishes, dermatologists utilize the same technique as pigmentation experts. Among the treatments available are:

a) Facial treatments that are typically adjusted to the severity of the pigmentation and skin blemishes problem while taking the individual’s skin type into consideration. This form of treatment may cost $50 to $300 per session, depending on the pigmented skin problem.

b) Laser resurfacing and light therapies that use targeted light beams to eliminate blemishes in our skin. Depending on the treatment area, the treatment, which generally costs $150 per session, can be finished in as little as 15 minutes.

c) Chemical peels work by exfoliating the top layer of skin as well as the dark areas with glycolic acid and salicylic acid, which speeds up the skin lightening process. This form of therapy can range in price from $128 to $238 each session.

clinical peels for blemishes

It is necessary to keep in mind that all of the above treatments are always conducted by a licensed dermatologist. After the treatment, most have the same effect of causing redness in the treated skin area. Do not be scared! The redness of the skin is a normal part of the recovery process and will fade in a few days.

skin brightening vs skin lightening

We Dig Into the Sciences & Real Differences Between Skin Brightening and Skin Lightening

Skin brightening and whitening products are highly sought after by many who experience skin pigmentation, scarring, and several other radiative exposures from the sun, which causes uneven darkening of the skin.

However, I bet you yourself are still confused between these as they are somewhat, similar? Let’s keep on reading to find more info about the ingredients, sciences, and differences between these two.

What is Skin Brightening?

asian lady looking at mirror

Skin brightening is to increase the brightness, radiance, and glow of the skin. Often, it involves exfoliating, moisturizing, and face rollers & laser resurfacing, resulting in brighter skin.

What is Skin Lightening?

improvement of skin brightening

While skin lightening is to reduce pigmentation. It has to do with discolouration of the skin and evening our skin tone over time.

What Ingredients Should You Look for in Skin Brightening?

For skin brightening, you should look out for these ingredients: Vitamin C, retinol, alpha and beta hydroxy acids.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps to reduce the hyperpigmentation and brighten the skin by blocking melanin production. Vitamin C also blocks tyrosinase, an enzyme that is used by our body to produce melanin, making it a natural skin brightener.

Moreover, vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that helps to protect our skin cells from further damage from the sun and outside pollutants. There are multiple forms of vitamin C such as Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbic acid sulfate and ascorbyl palmitate.

It is safe to use vitamin C daily in our skincare routine, however, people with sensitive skin might see redness or feel stinging from the first use.

Retinol

Retinol is one of the most powerful ingredients for hyperpigmentation. It is a form of vitamin A and particularly effective at combating hyperpigmentation by encouraging cell turnover. It exfoliates the older, darker skin and bringing healthier, newer skin cells to the surface after frequent use.

For best results, you can use retinol for several months or more. If you are new to this, I would advise for you to use it 1-2 times a week, before you start to use it regularly – as the concentrations might be too strong for you.

One thing to take note is, please avoid to use it when you are pregnant as it might cause some birth defects.

Alpha and Beta Hydroxy Acids

Have you heard of Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHA) and polyhydroxy acids (PHAs)? All these three categories are under hydroxy acids. They work similarly but each one produce different results.

In a nut shell, hydroxy acids smoothen, tighten, firm and brighten the skin. It exfoliates the skin by dissolving the cellular glue and exfoliating superficial, dead skin cells resulting in a healthy, younger skin. You can see significant improvements in your skin when you use it as directed.

treatments of skin brightening

What Ingredients Should You Look for in Skin Lightening?

Generally, skin lighteners contain an active ingredient or a combination of ingredients that reduces the amount of melanin in the skin where it is applied. Common skin lightening ingredients include hydroquinone, niacinamide, and kojic acid.

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone is a reversible chemical brightening agent which works by blocking crucial enzymes (i.e. tyrosinase) in the melanogenesis pathway on the skin. It is usually used as a skin bleaching agent to tackle skin discolouration related skin conditions. The inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase results in a chemical reduction of melanin.

Hydroquinone has been successfully used for decades to treat conditions like melasma, helping to reduce skin pigmentation and even out the skin tone. However, since the effects are reversible, topical application is required to maintain the skin lightening effect.

Moreover, misuse or overuse of this chemical can actually cause several side effects such as dryness, irritation, and also ochronosis (which is a bluish-black discolouration caused by the accumulation of homogentisic acid, during the breakdown of tyrosine in the melanogenesis pathway).

It has been banned in some European countries due to the risk of causing cancer.

Niacinamide

One of my favourite ingredients! Niacinamide is made from niacin, which is also known as vitamin B3. Niacin can be found in most cells and are present in most metabolically active tissues, such as the brain, heart, and liver.

The human body is able to make small amounts of vitamin B3, and so, it must come hugely from food sources such as fish, red meat, and nuts.

It is used as a skin brightener mainly because of its excellent cell renewing properties. Niacinamide is widely considered as a skin brightener as it is also a tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor which works similarly to hydroquinone to reduce melanin production on the skin.

There is evidence of niacinamide being used as an anti-ageing active ingredient. It is helpful for treating excessive dryness, helps produce more collagen, and also could act as a moisturising ingredient.

However, for effective skin brightening, niacinamide needs to be dosed in cosmetics at least 4% to help lighten skin pigmentation. For best results, combine it together with other proven skin brightening ingredients, such as vitamin C and retinol.

Kojic acid

Kojic acid is a by-product of a fermentation process during the manufacturing of sake (Japanese rice wine). Studies have shown the efficacy of kojic acid in skin lightening. It is an anti-oxidant and has melanin reduction properties.

However, kojic acid is very unstable in nature and upon exposure to sunlight or oxygen, it can oxidise and lose its efficacy. Research has shown that kojic acid is not cancer-causing but can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation if used in high amounts.

How to Apply Skin Brightening or Skin Lightening Products?

apply skin lightening products

While it is common and generally safe for your skin to use these skin brightening and skin lightening products or ingredients, knowing the know-how can make it more effective and less likely to cause irritation. Here are a few tips that you should know especially if you are using it for the first time:

  1. Start slow: When you are using acids in your skincare, start conservatively with a lower concentration, one to two times per week and then work up to see what your skin can tolerate.
  2. Patch test IS important! Similar to the other (new) skincare product that you’re going to use, do patch test before you use it. Apply a small amount on the arm and then on the forehead to see how your skin will respond.
  3. Sunscreen and hydration: As the skin brightening and skin lightening’s products expose newer and more sensitive skin cells, make sure to use sunscreen daily and generously. Don’t forget to hydrate your skin with the correct moisturizer AND drinking water as well.
  4. Consult your dermatologist: Some people might experience redness, irritation or peeling when you first use these products. If persistent irritation occurs, please consult a certified doctor.

The correct (and simplest) way to incorporate skin brightening and skin lightening products in your skincare is:

Cleanse > Hydrating/Exfoliating toner (AHA/BHA) > Brightening/Lightening Serum > Moisturizer > Sunscreen

Whatever your skin type, tone or condition, you can find the right one for you and with frequent use, you will find yourself a healthier and happier skin!

age spots vs freckles

Are Age Spots and Freckles Harmful?

If you have been noticing some brown spots suddenly appearing on the skin for the past few weeks, there’s a chance that those might be age spots or freckles. 

“BUT, uh which one is which? They look similar! How do I differentiate them?” 

For those who have been experiencing the same and are still confused between these two, here’s some fact check for you: 

Generally, age spots and freckles are two different skin conditions that become more prominent as we age, but in some cases for the latter, it may have developed at a young age, due to our genetics. 

Here’s what you should understand and how to differentiate between these two: 

Age Spots 

age spots on a face of old lady

Age spots or also known as liver spots are dark patches that often appear on areas that were highly exposed to the suns such as our face, hands, shoulders, and arms. Because of the excessive sun exposure, our skin produces melanin to protect the skin; resulting in the exposed area to turn brownish in colour.

Age spots are more common in the elderly (those over 40 years old), but we can still get them early if we spend a lot of time outside and didn’t use proper protection such as sunscreen.

Freckles

freckles on the face

Similar to age spots, freckles often appear in the areas that get frequent sun exposure. Freckles are small brown spots that form as a result of the overproduction of melanin.

To ease your concern, freckles are harmless. It is not a sign of a health problem. Instead, freckles are just pigment cells that are usually tan or light brown, flat, and very small. Sometimes they do overlap which makes them look larger. 

Now that you know the definition of both, you might (still) be confused between these two as they somewhat, look similar? Yes, while they might all seem similar, there are some key differences. 

Let’s find out the differences and how to differentiate them! 

Age Spots VS Freckles 

CATEGORIESAGE SPOTSFRECKLES
SIZE/APPEARANCETypically larger in size (.2-2.0 centimetres) because it involves multiple pigmented cells lumped together. Small dark spots are usually less than 5 mm in diameter.
COLOURSBrown, grey or black on the skin.  Most are uniform in colour but vary depending on the skin tone. It can be red, tan, light brown, dark brown, black and others that is darker than the skin colour.
AREAS Usually appear on areas exposed to the sun – face, hands, shoulders and arms.Predominantly on the face, and on any skin that is/are exposed to the sun such as the arms and shoulders.
PREVENTIONUse a good quality sun cream with UVA and UVB protection and avoid sunbeds. Put on sun cream regularly and generously to prevent skin damage and accelerated ageing.

Are Age Spots and Freckles Harmful?

  • Age Spots

For age spots, they don’t require medical attention. However, it is recommended for you to seek for doctor’s advice if you notice the spots are black or have changed in appearance. It could be signs of melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. 

  • Freckles 

Freckles are neither harmful nor a sign of health problem. Moreover, most people who got freckles due to genetics and they think freckles are just “cute” and are proud of it – which is lovely

If you notice, there have been trends for faux freckles such as make-up tutorials, photo filters, and more!

How to Remove Age Spots and Freckles? 

how to remove age spots and freckles

If you aren’t happy with the spots on your skin, below are some of the ways to treat and zap them both away! 

Age Spots 

The age spots can be treated to lighten or remove them. And these include:

  1. Proper skincare and sunscreen: There are creams, lotions and serums that can help to fade and lighten the age spots such as products that contain hydroquinone, glycolic acid, or kojic acid. However, you need to use these products regularly for up to several months before you can notice the results.
  2. Medication: Some medications such as bleaching creams that contain hydroquinone can be applied along with retinoids to fade the spots over several months of usage. However, these ingredients may cause irritation to your skin.
  3. Dermabrasion and microdermabrasion: These two procedures sand down the surface layer of the skin to a smoother appearance. Dermabrasion is more aggressive than microdermabrasion. Please note that you may need a series of procedures to get a modest, temporary results.
  4. Chemical peel: As the name suggests, this method involves applying a chemical solution to remove the top layers of the skin. If you have sensitive skin, it may cause irritation, scarring, and infection to the skin.

Freckles

Aside from some of the home remedies that you’ve been applying to treat your uneven skin tone, which over time helps to fade the appearance of freckles as well, you may try one of these treatments:

  1. Laser Treatment: This method is one of the most effective ways of removing freckles. Many freckles especially the new ones are often removed after one session, but you may need more treatment to remove the rest. Do note that long term, new freckles can appear if you do not use sunscreen generously.
  2. Chemical Peels: Similar to the one mentioned for age spots, chemical peels can also help in removing or significantly lightening freckles. Over time, this method also reveals a younger-looking and rejuvenated skin as it peels off old and damaged skin.
  3. Serum and sunscreen in your skincare routine: Choosing a proper serum and sunscreen AND using these two regularly can help to lighten our freckles. And these two do not just help with freckle reduction, but it helps in pigmentation and uneven skin tone as well.

All in all, please make sure to protect your skin from the sun as frequent and repeated sun exposure without generous usage of sunscreen can trigger these two skin conditions.

Asian,Woman,Having,Skin,Problem,Checking,Her,Face,With,Dark

Pigmentation 101: Here’s How You Can Treat It

Have you noticed any changes in your skin texture?

More often than not, you may be asking “What are these spots?” and “Why is it happening?” every time you looked into the mirror. 

Let me share it with you. The spots that you see on your skin surface are called pigmentation. We are here to share more info about this skin condition and help you to fix it.

Let’s read more to find out.

So, what exactly is pigmentation?                                           

Pigmentation refers to a skin condition in which patches of skin become darker in color caused by the accumulation of melanin on the skin.

Pigmentation can also be caused by genetics or a variety of factors that interfere with melanin production, allowing skin color to appear unusual.

Melanin is produced by melanocytes and acts as a miniature umbrella to protect skin cells from sun and UV damage.

The pigmentation that occurs on our skin differs. There are several common types of pigmentation that can be found on the surface of our skin.

Types of Pigmentation

 #1 Age Spots

age spots

WHAT – They are known as liver spots, and they usually appear on the face after the age of 40, implying that the skin has begun to age. Age spots are normally oval in shape, vary in size, and are tan, brown, or black in color.

WHERE – Typically found on sun-exposed areas, especially the cheekbones.

CAUSES

  1. Overexposure to Sun – Melanin accumulates on skin areas that have been exposed to UV rays. Countries near the equator like Singapore experience yearlong UV exposure. According to dermatologists, frequent tanning salon visits can also contribute to the development of age spots.
  2. Aging – Adults over the age of 50 are more prone to developing age spots. Age spots are most common in people who spend a lot of time in the sun, especially during outdoor activities.

#2 Melasma

melasma

WHAT – A type of dark spot that is more common in people with darker skin tones and is distinguished by a butterfly-shaped mark.

Melasma is also known as chloasma. It is typically characterized by patchy brown discoloration that spreads across specific areas of the face, giving the skin a dull appearance.

WHERE– Melasma on the face is most commonly seen across the upper cheeks. Nevertheless, other areas of the face, such as the forehead, upper lip, and chin, may also be affected.

CAUSES

  1. Genetics – If there is a known family history of melasma, one is at a higher risk of developing it.
  2. Pregnancy – UVA and UVB rays can stimulate the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the majority of pigmentation issues. According to a study, about 50–70% of pregnant women are said to be affected by melasma, a type of pigmentation problem caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light during pregnancy.

#3 Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation

WHAT– One of the most common pigmentation problems in people with Asian skin. It is usually tan, brown, or black in color and develops from inflamed injuries. These can be difficult to cure when a deeper skin layer is involved.

WHERE– This is caused by facial injuries. These wounds can result from razor cuts, burns, or even infected zits from squeezing.

CAUSE

  1. Inflammation or injury to the skin.

#4 Post-Acne

post-acne treatment

WHAT – Reddish and dark in color spots on the skin and usually developed from the healing of acne wounds.

WHERE – It often appears on areas of the skin that is prone to pimple breakouts.

CAUSES

  1. Use of unsuitable skin products – Acne may worsen with the use of overly drying facial cleansers and alcohol-based products. Aside from that, skincare products for acne-prone skin may be too harsh for the skin. When used excessively, the skin may be drier, causing it to create even more oil.
  2. Pimples squeezing – When the extraction is not done properly, the skin and tissue beneath it may be damaged, increasing the chances of wound infection.

Types of Treatment to Remove Pigmentation

It is perfectly normal to have pigmented skin. However, there are always ways for us to fix our pigmented skin. These are the two treatments that you can try:

i) Home Remedies

You only need one of these items for home remedies, and you are ready to go!

  • Extract from green tea
  • Aloe Vera gel
  • Apple cider vinegar
  • Red Onion

If you already have one of these, all you have to do is apply one of the items to the pigmented area of your skin for 15 minutes every day. You will be able to feel and see the results after two weeks. Trust me, I am sure you will be surprised at how well these items help your skin recover.

ii) Professional Medical Treatment

There are several treatments available in Singapore to remove pigmented skin. Among the treatments are:

  • Facial treatments which normally tailored to the intensity of the pigmentation issue while taking the individual’s skin type into consideration. Depending on the pigmented skin condition, this type of treatment may cost $50 to $300 per session.
  • Laser peel treatments which reduce the pigmentation in our skin by using targeted light beams. The treatment, which normally costs $150 per session, can be completed in as little as 15 minutes, depending on the treatment area.
  • Microdermabrasion treatments which use a minimally abrasive tool to rejuvenate the skin and replenish the overall tone and texture of the skin. The cost of this treatment usually varies from $80 to $250 per session, depending on the state of the pigmented skin.
  • Chemical peels perform by exfoliating the top layer of the skin, as well as the dark spots, with glycolic acid and salicylic acid, accelerating the skin lightening process. This type of treatment can cost between $128 and $238 per session.
chemical peels treatment

It is important to note that all of the treatments listed above are always performed by a professional dermatologist. All of the treatments tend to have the same post-effect treatment such as redness in the treated skin area.

But do not worry! The redness will go away in a few days.

In short, pigmentation can be fixed by a few remedies as listed in the article, and a proper skincare regime.

Dark,Spots,,Freckles,hyperpigmentation(melasma,Or,Chloasma),concept-,Skin,Lightening,,Skin,Whitening,,Skin

Uneven Skin Tone: Causes, Treatments & How to Fix It Naturally

Growing up made me realize that one thing most women always crave for is to get a smooth, glowing and even skin tone. However, most people have uneven skin tone to some degree, be it some slight darkening around the mouth or nose area, or highly pigmented spots or patches on the cheeks. 

Not to mention, being born in a typically tropical climate, our skin is easily exposed to the direct UV sunlight and humid temperature all year round. However, is this the only cause of uneven skin tone? 

uneven skin tone

Let’s read more to find out. 

But first, what (exactly) is uneven skin tone? 

Generally, uneven skin tone differs for everyone as every individual’s skin type, texture and colour are unique. It consists of various signs such as hyperpigmentation, inflammation and slowed skin recovery. The reality is that most people will experience it at some point in their life. 

Uneven skin tone can also be further affected by other skin conditions like breakouts, cuts, scars, age and access sebum production. It can also be caused by an underlying health condition such as eczema and rosacea

One of the ways to treat your uneven skin tone is by first understanding it and how you can tackle it. So here are some of the most common causes of uneven skin tone and what you can do about it. 

Causes of Uneven Skin Tone 

causes of uneven skin tone by UV rays
  • UV Rays: It is a well-known fact that frequent exposure to the sun is one of the major causes of uneven skin tone, especially in sunny Singapore. Excessive sun exposure or unprotected sun exposure can lead to sunspots and uneven skin tone. This could occur because the body produces excess melanin to protect itself from the rays.
  • Hyperpigmentation: Hyperpigmentation refers to an irregular darkening of the skin and it usually occurs when there is an overproduction of melanin. The appearance of hyperpigmentation on the skin – typically on the cheeks – becomes more prominent when they are older.
  • Hormonal changes: An increase in hormone stimulation can also cause uneven skin tone and the common signs of skin effects from hormones are melasma and rosacea. 
  • Scarring: Scarring from cuts, or acne scars can also cause uneven skin tone. Scars commonly appear as dark spots in the affected area due to inflammation caused by acne scars or scratching or popping our pimples. 
  • Ageing: As we age, some dark patches caused by sun damage tend to darken over time and are most noticeable when we are older. These dark patches are also known as age spots, which are commonly seen in people with lighter skin colours. It usually appears as increased pigmentation in small spots or patches in areas that have been most exposed to the sun over many years such as on the cheeks, shoulders, hands, arms, and chest. 

The road to even skin tone and texture starts with the right treatment; be it from home remedies, cosmetic treatments or skincare with the right ingredients.

spots on face

Below are a few tips to treat or fix the uneven skin tone that you can try starting today! 

10 Tips to Fix Uneven Skin Tone

Home Remedies – DIY Facemasks! 

tomato facial ice cube

#1 Tomato Facial Ice Cube 

This is the easiest home remedy that you can try and it works for many of us. All you need are 2 ripe tomatoes and honey or aloe vera gel (optional). 

Here’s how to do it:

  1. Take 2 ripe tomatoes and blend it to a smooth paste. 
  2. Add in 1 tbsp of honey and mix it well (you can skip this part if you want). 
  3. Pour the mixture into an ice cube tray and freeze it for hours. 

Take an ice cube and rub it on the face and leave it on for 5 minutes. Wash it off with cold water and see how your face glows, reduce bloating and over time, you can see major improvements in your skin tone. 

You can also add some honey or aloe vera gel for added benefits to the skin. 

Make sure to wrap the tomato ice cube with a cloth or kitchen towel before you rub it on your face to avoid direct contact with the ice. 

#2 Yogurt & Turmeric Face Mask 

The old but gold home remedy. I bet you’ve heard of this face mask year ago. And it would be such a waste if you have yet to try this DIY face mask. 

Here’s how to do it:

  1. Mix ½ teaspoon of turmeric powder, 1 teaspoon of yoghurt and 3 drops of lemon juice. 
  2. Mix it all to form a smooth paste. 
  3. Apply to a clean face and leave it on your for 10-15 minutes. 
  4. Wash it off with warm water. 

#3 Tomato, honey and lemon juice face pack

Another tomato DIY home remedy! 

For this one, you only need one ripe tomato, juice from ½ a lemon and 2 tablespoons of honey. 

Here’s how to do it: 

  1. Blend one ripe tomato and add in the juice of ½ a lemon. 
  2. Add 2 tablespoons of honey into the paste. 
  3. Mix it well and apply it to your face for 10 to 15 minutes. 
  4. Wash it off with cold water and see how this powerful face pack treats your uneven skin tone! 

#4 Potato Flesh 

This powerful one ingredient pack has natural skin lightening properties that can help to correct your uneven skin tone. 

Here’s how to do it:

  1. Cut a ripe potato in half and rub it over the blotchy areas on your face. 
  2. Allow the potato juice to remain for 10 to 15 minutes. 
  3. Rinse with warm water. 

#5 Milk, Flour and Baking Soda Face Pack 

The flawless white! Here’s how to do this face pack: 

  1. Take 3 tablespoons of flour and 1 teaspoon of baking soda. 
  2. Add in some milk to prepare a paste. Any kind of milk will do, but I would suggest fresh milk. 
  3. Apply the paste to a cleansed skin and let it dry for a few minutes. 
  4. Wash it off with warm water and see how your face brightens over time. 

Cosmetic Treatments: 

#6 Laser Treatment 

There are two types of laser treatments: ablative and nonablative. 

Generally, ablative lasers are types of powerful lasers that cause controlled vaporization of skin cells and make our skin responds to brighter and younger-looking skin. 

Nonablative lasers are gentler than ablative where it works by directing the energy much lower into the deeper tissue. If you’re okay with getting slower results over a longer period of time and undergoing more sessions, this is the laser for you. 

It is advisable for you to consult your dermatologist before you proceed with any laser treatment. 

#7 Chemical Peel 

For this procedure, a chemical solution is used to remove the upper layer of the skin through gentle exfoliation which in turn, it helps to improve our skin texture and the appearance of the skin. 

Change Your Lifestyle 

#8 Sunscreen, sunscreen and sunscreen! 

use sunscreen

If you have not realised it, it is vital to include sunscreen as part of your morning skincare routine. Sunscreen should be at the last part of your skincare routine, and before you put on your make-up. 

Even though you may have chosen a moisturizer with some SPF or your foundation is infused with SPF, you still have to put on sunscreen. Frequent usage of sunscreen also helps in keeping the age spots at bay.

My tips: Use it after moisturizer every morning and reapply every 2 to 3 hours or as needed. 

#9 Stay hydrated! 

stay hydrated

Drinking at least eight glasses of water helps to keep your skin glowy, replenishing the skin and reducing the early signs of ageing. 

You should also avoid or consume less carbonated and sugary drinks as both can cause pimples and build-up oils. 

Healthy Diet 

#10 Food to Include VS Foods to Avoid 

  • Yes, please! 

To get a healthy and glowing skin, it is advisable to drink green tea once a day or as much as needed as green tea is rich in antioxidants. You can also consume large quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables that heal your skin from within. Citrus fruits such as oranges and tomatoes reduce pigmentation and repair your skin cells. 

  • Little to NO.  

Please avoid or consume less greasy or overly processed foods, spicy foods and foods that are high in refined sugars. You can also avoid dairy products if you have acne-prone skin. 

It is also best to avoid alcohol as it dries out the skin and can lead to a flushed face. 

diy face masks

DIY face masks at home!

We all strive to achieve clear, supple, and youthful-looking skin. This means that we need to be aware of not just what we put into our bodies, but also on our skin. Here are some DIY facial recipes that you can try, using only the most natural ingredients!

For Dry Skin: Cucumber and Aloe Vera mask

Ingredients:
2 – 3 tbsp Aloe Vera Gel
½ regular sized cucumber

Steps:

  1. Slice up your cucumber. How much depends on how much you want to make and how watery you want your mask to be
  2. Place the cucumber slices into a blender and blend into a watery paste
  3. Add the aloe vera gel and blend until smooth
  4. Massage the mask onto your face and leave on for half an hour
  5. Rinse off with cool water and pat dry

This mask is perfect for dry skin as aloe vera absorbs easily and is very effective in hydrating and treating dehydrated skin, sunburn, and frostbite. Additionally, cucumber is also great for cooling down your skin and also has anti-inflammation properties.

For Oily Skin: Egg, Oat, and Honey mask

Ingredients:
1 Egg White
1 tsp Natural Honey
1 tbsp ground oats ( the finer the better)

Steps:

  1. Thoroughly mix the egg white into the honey until well combined and frothy
  2. Stir in the ground oats until you achieve a paste
  3. Evenly cover your face with the mask, avoiding your eyes, and leave on for 10 – 15 minutes
  4. Remove the mask by washing your face with warm water

Egg whites have long been known to tighten and shrink pores, which helps to prevent the accumulation of dirt in your skin. Oats are considered a superfood that promotes clear skin through moisturising, regulating inflammation, and reducing itch within your skin. Additionally, honey has been known to be anti-bacterial, clarifying, and soothing for the skin.

For Acne-Prone Skin: Avocado, Aloe and Coconut Oil mask

Ingredients:
½ Avocado
1tsp Coconut Oil
1tsp Aloe Vera gel

Steps:

  1. Mash the avocado into a paste
  2. Combine the coconut oil, aloe vera gel, and avocado
  3. Mix into a smooth consistency
  4. Apply onto your face and leave to dry for 10 – 15 minutes
  5. Remove mask by washing with cool water and pat dry

This mask will help mild acne with avocado’s moisturising properties and aloe vera and coconut oil’s anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

For Sensitive Skin: Cucumber, Honey and Tea mask

Ingredients:
1 Baby Cucumber
1 cup Black Tea
1tbsp Natural Honey

Steps:

  1. Cut the cucumber into thin slices
  2. Steep the black tea in a cup and stir honey in
  3. Set the tea and honey mixture aside to cool
  4. Add cucumber slices into the tea
  5. Let the mixture sit for 10 minutes
  6. Remove cucumber slices and place them all over your face for 10 – 20 minutes
  7. Remove slices and wash your face with cool water

If you have sensitive skin, you have to ensure that the ingredients used are natural and will not irritate your complexion. In addition to being soothing, these ingredients have additional benefits for your skin. Cucumber is hydrating, honey is nourishing, and black tea is an effective antioxidant.

For Clogged Pores: Egg White and Lemon Juice mask

Ingredients:
2 Egg Whites
1 tbsp Lemon Juice

Steps:

  1. Mix 1 egg white and lemon juice in a bowl
  2. Apply to your blackheads, avoiding your eyes
  3. Soak 3 -4 cotton pads in the remaining egg white and place it onto the applied areas in step 1
  4. Allow cotton pads to dry
  5. Once dry, slowly peel off
  6. Rinse your face with cool water

This is a DIY peel-off mask that will help reduce blackheads. Egg whites help to tighten your pores and fight against acne while lemon juice can be used as a skin astringent, closing pores and tightening your skin. Do use lemon juice sparingly as it is still a naturally occurring acid.

These DIY facial recipes are perfect for lazy days at home, or even a girls night in! Start the year out right by taking good care of your skin while getting the most bang for your buck by creating your very own natural face masks at home. You’ll be sure to thank us!

preservative_header-compressed

What are parabens and preservatives?

In recent years, consumers have become more aware of what products or ingredients they place on their skin regardless of marketing claims. Therefore, it is very important for brands to educate their consumers on what ingredients they put into their products before gaining trust from the consumers. Studies have shown that there has been a trend to reduce the use of parabens and preservatives in many cosmetic formulations for a variety of reasons including the safety of the ingredients themselves. Microbial contamination in cosmetic or food products may actually cause a major risk for the health of the consumer, regardless of topical or consumed products.

Preservatives are added to products to inhibit the development of microorganisms to increase the shelf-life of the products so that they can remain on the shelves for a longer time. They also have other functions such as to preserve the appearance of the food or cosmetic product, and also saving the products from spoilage from microbes. Parabens are considered chemical preservative ingredients used in cosmetic products, food products and also pharmaceuticals. They are able to prevent the growth of fungi, bacteria and yeast effectively and therefore are powerful preservatives for products which need to be shipped over long distances for longer periods of time. Parabens have been used more often because they have good antimicrobial activity, water and oil solubility, good stability over a wide pH range and also they are sold at very low prices.

Fact or Fiction?

Studies have found that parabens are actually able to penetrate the skin and even enter the bloodstream to reach parts of the body. In 2004, a group of scientists were able to find trace residues of “intact” parabens in human breast cancer tissues and suggested that these traces could have come from topical application of cosmetic products with parabens as the ingredient. Parabens are safe to use at concentrations of up to 0.4% (single paraben) or 0.8% (mixture), but when used consistently, they may accumulate and become a safety issue. Preservatives are also biologically active, and so, they may be toxic, and cause skin sensitisation.

Does The Lightening Serum contain preservatives and parabens?

No, na-dah, nyet, nein. The Lightening Serum by 28cubed does not contain preservatives as we do not want our consumers to experience skin sensitization and other health-related issues and several of our ingredients naturally have their own antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, such as maltol. With the presence of these ingredients and our packaging design, we are good to go without the need for preservatives. The cartridges are sealed once they are manufactured and filled and once open, they are directed to be used in a week. Within this time, there is minimal microbial contamination and the self-preserving properties of the ingredients are definitely sufficient to protect the serum for a good amount of time.
By delivering our product to consumers as hygienically as possible and doing our best to avoid contamination and bacterial growth within the product, you can be assured that our product is safe to use on your skin, with no unnatural side effects.

Find out more about The Lightening Serum and its 3 unique food based actives responsible for a revolutionary solution to excess pigmentation.

sunscreen article header edited - ss

The Science Behind Sunscreen

Sunscreen or sunblock is used to protect the skin from excess UV exposure, which can cause various types of skin cancer. There are two main types of UV radiation that affects the skin: UVA and UVB radiation. The former has the longest wavelength and penetrates deeper into the epidermis of the skin and is able to reach the dermis where the living skin cells are present.

UV Damage on the Skin

UVA radiation may result in skin conditions such as loose skin, sun spots and can also affect the DNA which increases the risk of cancer. It causes oxidative stress by activating the endogenous photosensitizers which may indirectly lead to DNA damage and long-term photoaging.

UVB radiation, on the other hand, reaches the superficial layers of the skin and mainly causes redness, sun burn and also skin cancer. UVB rays can directly damage DNA and proteins in the skin cells of the epidermis and is linked to erythema or sunburn. Both UVA and UVB radiation suppresses the immune system, which is associated with the development of skin cancers and may contribute to the development of melanoma.

Also, UV radiation signal the skin cells to produce more melanin to try to protect the skin from burning or damaging the skin. This overproduction of melanin results in pigmentation problems at different areas of the skin which is in contact with the sun, resulting in uneven skin tone. Sunscreens are therefore used as a form of protection to reduce or prevent such skin issues.

Sunscreen Ingredients & How they protect the skin?

Up to date, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 17 active ingredients for use in sunscreens. Chemical and physical sunscreen ingredients may be used to help protect the skin from UV damage. Physical sunscreen products make use of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide as a physical barrier to reflect and scatter the UV rays from the skin surface. They typically appear white and opaque and is unfavourable by many consumers.

Chemical sunscreen ingredients, on the other hand, are able to absorb the UV radiation and dissipate the energy into another form. Examples are oxybenzone, octyl methoxycinnamate, avobenzene and many more. Sunscreens with these chemical actives are usually colourless or translucent to give a more favourable appearance and consumer experience.

Sun Protection Factor (SPF) primarily measures the ability to block the skin’s response to UVB radiation. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) came up with an analogy to make SPF easier to understand to a consumer: “When using a SPF of 15, a fair-skinned person who normally sunburns in 20 minutes of midday sun exposure may tolerate 15 times 20 minutes (300 minutes) without burning”. To quantify SPF values, SPF of 15 blocks out 94% of UVB rays, SPF 30 blocks out 97% of UVB rays and SPF 50 blocks out 98% of UVB rays.

Consumers also do not use the appropriate amount of sunscreen per area to achieve the specific SPF value as claimed on the products. The internationally agreed application amount is 2 mg/cm2, but consumers only apply between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/cm2. Therefore, they do not get the full protection as expected and still may experience sunburn or other types of skin cancers.

How The Lightening Serum reverses the sun’s damage on the skin?

The Lightening Serum by 28cubed acts on the “excited” skin cells which are activated by UV radiation and calms it down by signalling the cells to produce less of this excess melanin, with the combination of Po3™. Once the dermis layer produces melanocytes with less melanin, the new cells are revealed on the top-most layer of the skin once the dead skin cells are shed. This way, The Lightening Serum keeps the skin cells from being agitated from any UV radiation.

Find out more about how The Lightening Serum uses food science technology to help you achieve brighter, more even and younger looking skin here.